Harrow



(No Model.)

- 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. E. E. WHIPPLE.

HARROW.

Patented Aug. 11, 1885.

I No. 324,057.

madam. Q f/i-c/ceffi (No Model.) 2 Sheets-sheaf 2.

E. E. WHIPPLE.

HARROW.

No. 324,057. Patented Aug. 11, 1885.

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N. PETERS. PholoLilhngnphur. Washinghn. D. C,

UNITED STATES- PATENT DFFICE.

EFFINGER E. \VHIPPLE, OF EATON RAPIDS, MICHIGAN.

. HARRQVV.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 324,057, dated August 11, 1885.

Application filed November 5, 1884. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EFFINGER E. 'WHIPPLE, of Eaton Rapids, in the State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Harrows; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, li ference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to improvements in barrows for surface cultivation, and also in barrows the general character of which is illustrated in Letters Patent No. 248,373, granted to me October 18, 1882, whereby teeth of the general description set forth in said patent may be set on the beam or harrow-frame with their points projecting forward in position to dig the ground, or directed backwardly in position to shear or cut by a shearing action of each knife-blade near the surface of the ground, the ultimate purpose being to provide a harrow capable of performing what is coming to be known as surface cultivation by means of teeth capable of being reversed for deeper cultivation.

Certain features of the invention relating to the construction and arrangement of the teeth for surface cultivation-are novel, without reference to the changeabilityof the position of the teeth, and independent claims are made herein for said improvements, as will hereinafter further appear.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 illustrates an inside elevation of barrow-teeth of the general description set forth in said prior Letters Patent, arranged in position upon the beam to perform the work of digging or deep cultivation, the more advanced or forward tooth of the tool shown in said Fig. 1 being provided with a projection at the front end of its shank, whereby the reversal thereof, herein contemplated as part of my invention, may be effected. The rearmost of said teeth of Fig. 1 is, so far as the shank is concerned, essentially identical with the teeth shown in said prior patent, the reversal of said rearmost tooth of Fig. 1 being effected by means of an additional part or casting connecting said tooth with the beam. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the harrow structure shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the harrow-beam, .illustratin g the teeth shown in Fig. 1 reversed upon the beam for surface cultivation. Fig. 4 isa rear elevation of the structure'shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a plate for connecting the teeth with the beam, constructed to allow the latter to be set in either one of two rearwardly-inclined positions on said beam. Fig.6 is a top view of a harrow-beam, showing plates applied thereto for the attachment of teeth of the general description herein referred to in position for surface cultivation. Fig. 7 is a side elevation of the beam and connecting devices by which the tooth is fastened to the beam. seen in the top view in Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a perspec-' tive view of the plate, which is immediately attached to the tooth in Figs. (land 7, showing more clearly the construction of said plate, whereby the tooth may be attached at a varying inclination with the tooth-beam. Fig. 9 is a side elevation of a tooth-beam having reversible teeth rearwardly secured thereto, which teeth are so modified as to the form of the upper ends of their shanks that they may be bolted to the side of the beam instead of beneath the same, as in the preceding figures. Fig. 10 is a rear view of the structure shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 11 is a transverse section of the tooth-blade in its lower or working portion.

A represents oneform of a tooth-beam or' barrow-frame to which the teeth are preferably attached, the said beam A being desirably connected with a main portion of the frame. (not here shown) by'means of a metal spring, A, at its forward end. B B are the teeth, which are of curved and twisted form in their working-face, and which are preferably, in practice, formed from a steel bar-say about two inches or two and a half inches in width by one-fourth to three-eighths 9f an inch in thickness. When thetoothismadereversible, and is adapted to be secured to the beam with its point either forwardly or rearwardly directed, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, said tooth' is preferably so shaped as to be fastened to the under side of the beam, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, in which case the upper end of 100 ing between the beam and the toothshank to form a seat for the latter. When two teeth are applied to a single beam, A, and when so placed as to be adapted for deep digging, as shown in Fig. 1, one of said teeth is curved and twisted in one direction and the other in the opposite direction, so as to present substantially the relation to each other shown in Figs. 1 and 2, with the points and inner sharpened edges of the teeth projecting or inclined forward in a manner fully describedin Patent No. 248,373, hereinbefore referred to. 'hen, however, the teeth are arranged for surface cultivation, or to operate in the manner of a barrow to pulverize the surface of the ground, the position of the teeth is reversed, so that their lower portions extend rearwardly, as is clearly shown in Figs. 3 and 4. When located in this position, the oppositely-curved cuttingteeth cross each other when viewed from the front or rear, as clearly shown in Fig. 4, and the edges of the teeth are turned to the front which are turned to the rear when arranged for digging or deep cultivation.

\Vhen the teeth are used for deep cultivation, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, and described in the patent above referred to, the lowerends thereofare usually sharpened upon their forward edges and ends, whereby the teeth will operate with a cutting or shearing action. In order that the teeth shall operate to similarly cut or shear the ground when reversed, as herein proposed and above described, the latter are, as herein shown and preferably constructed, sharpened at both edges, as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 4 and in the cross-sectional view, Fig. 11.

For the purpose of supporting the teeth with their points rearwardly directed, in the manner above stated, a dowuwardly-bent portion I), may be provided upon the end of the straight part I of the shank, (as illustrated in connection with the forward tooth in Fig. 1, and with the rear tooth in Fig. 3.) through which a suitable bolt may be inserted for holding the tooth in the position mentioned. Instead of this construction, however, the tooth may be formed with a straight shank, as indicated ill Fig. 1, and an angular casting, 0, adapted for attachment to the under side of the tooth-beam by a suitable bolt, and provided with a socket or recess, 0, to receive the end of the shank, may be used for supporting the tooth at a desired angle with reference to the beam. It may sometimes be desired. to vary the angle at. which the lower end of the tooth blade is sustained with reference to the ground, and for this purpose a casting, C, such as is shown in Fig. 5, having two faces, either of which may be secured in contact with the lower surface of the tootlrbar, may be used.

In Figs. 6, 7, and S is shown a coupling device for uniting the teeth with the beam when they are arranged for surface cultivation, by which the teeth are made adjustable at any angle desired within the limits usually necessary. In this case a metal block, is fitted to the lower surface of the tooth-beam, said block being provided with a concave lower surface, 0, to which is fitted the correspondingly-curved upper surface of a casting, G having a downwardly-inelincd and laterallydetlected portion, 0 to which the tooth is bolted, the castings (3 and (1 being held to the beam by a bolt, 0 passing through a suitable aperture in the block 0 and a slot, 0 in the casting G whereby the said casting may be shifted longitudinally in the curved seat 0 and held in a desired position. The part c of the casting O to which the shank of the tooth is bolted, is deflected laterally, in order to bring the lower end of the tooth in the proper position with reference to the ground and the part of the casting 0 shown in Fig. 3, in which the recess 0 is formed, is similarly deflected for the same purpose.

In Figs. 9 and 10 teeth are shown which are generally similar to those before described in their lower portions, but the shanks of which are extended upwardly and bolted to the sides of the beams, instead of being secured to the under surface thereof, as shown in the figures heretofore referred to. In this case the teeth are secured to the beam by single horizontallyarranged bolts extending through the beam and the tooth-shank, whereby the teeth may be readily clamped at any desired angle, either for deep cultivation or for operation as a barrow.

The teeth are so formed or bent that when arranged for surface cultivation their working-edges are rearwardly and laterally inclined, and their upper faces are set obliquely, with their forward or cutting edges down wardly, so that when drawn forward they will tend to uplift, separate, and pulverize all the hard lumps and irregularities encountered by them. arranging the teeth one behind the other at opposite angles, and in position to cross each other, as shown, the teeth are obviously caused to operate in a path of considerable width, and each tooth operates to counteract any tendency to a bodily lateral movement in the other tooth, which may be caused by the rearward and lateral inclination of its working-edge.

The improved features of operation above mentioned obviously exist in the teeth arranged for surface cultivation independently of the construction enabling said teeth to be used also for deep digging, and the construction of said teeth whereby they are adapted for surface cultivation is therefore claimed, broadly, in the appended first claim, Without reference to the means shown by which they are made reversible.

By constructing the teeth of the bent and twisted form shown, and providiu g means for attachin them to the beam, either with their points directed forwardly or rearwardly, the obvious advantage is obtained that the teeth can be readily shifted to form either a culti vator for deep digging in hard ground or a ITO harrow for the surface treatment of ground which is soft or trashy, and the novel features of construction whereby this end is accomplished are therefore made the subject of specific claims herein.

1 am aware that means have been provided for attaching a barrow-tooth to a frame consisting of aplate attached to the frame and a plate attached to the tooth, the said plates having inclined meeting faces, whereby by reversing the plate to which the tooth is attached the latter may be placed either in a vertical or inclined position.v

I claim as my invention 1. The combination, with a tooth-beam, of two curved and twisted teeth secured to the beam, one behind the other, with their points rearwardly directed, and having their end portions arranged obliquely beneath the beam at opposite angles thereto, and having their working-faces rearwardly, laterally, and downwardly inclined, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. The combination, with a tooth-beam, of a reversible curved and twisted tooth, and means, substantially as described,f0r securing said tooth to the beam with its working-point directed either forward for deep digging or to the rear for surface cultivation, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with a tooth-beam and a reversiblecurved and twisted tooth adapted for attachment to the beam with its point directed either forward or to the rear, said tooth having a shank constructed for attachment to the beam, so as to sustain the tooth with its point forwardly directed for deep digging, of an angular casting for connecting the said shank with the beam when the tooth is retooth with reference to the ground may be I varied, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with a tooth-beam and a reversible curved and twisted tooth adapted for attachment to the beam with its point directed either forwardly or to the rear, said tooth having a shank adapted for attachment to the beam, so as to sustain the tooth with its point directed forwardly, of an angular casting for connecting the said shank with the beam when the point of the tooth is directed rearwardly, said casting consisting of two parts, 0 and (3 having their contact-faces curved, and means, substantially as described, for se curing said parts together and to the beam, whereby the inclination of the tooth with reference to the beam may be varied, substantially as set forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

EFFINGER E. WHIPPLE.

Witnesses E. R. CABLE,

JAMES E. BERGIN. 

